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Diagnostic Imaging
Coloured Atlas
Angiogram – CT
CT angiograms permit for a non-invasive method of investigating the vasculature. In the image above, one readily recognizes the celiac artery and its branches, the superior mesenteric artery, and the left kidney. However the most prominent feature of this CTA is the infra-renal aortic aneurysm. [Courtesy of Dr. N. Jaffer]
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm – AAA
Left Image: Abdominal axial CT with contrast demonstrating a large AAA with extensive intraluminal thrombosis. Patent central lumen containing contrast surrounded by thrombus peripherally. Aortic wall evident due to circumferential calcification (atherosclerosis).
Right Image: Abdominal axial CT with contrast showing abdominal aorta of normal diameter.
[Courtesy of Dr. N. Jaffer]
Microcalcifications
The left mammogram depicts microcalcifications, as can be seen with DCIS.
The right mammogram depicts microcalcifications after surgical excision with needle localization.
Mammography
Normal Mammography
The left image is of a normal craniocaudal view of a breast mammogram.
The right image is that of a normal mediolateral oblique view of a breast mammogram.
Rotation
To assess rotation of the film, compare the distance between a spinous process to each of the clavicles. If the supinous process is closer to one clavicle, that side is rotated posteriorly.
Degree of Inspiration
To ensure proper inflation, the 6th rib should be visible anteriorly and the 10th rib posteriorly.
Ureteric Obstruction
Observe the obstructive lesion near the lower end of the right ureter. On simultaneous retrograde examination, the lower margin of the obstructing lesion is clearly demarcated.
Intravenous pyelogram
Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) (1 hour post-dye injection) showing right hydronephrosis, hydroureter, dilated renal pelvis and calvx.
UPJ Obstruction
Congenital UPJ Obstruction & Hydronephrosis
Congenital utero-pelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction & hydronephrosis. This image demonstrates severe hydronephrosis of the right kidney. Retrograde pyelography demonstrates an obstruction at the UPJ. The obstruction in this patient was congenital.
Stone CT
Non-contrast CT for renal colic.
Left Image: shows right-sided pelvicaliectasis relative to the left-sided renal collecting system.
Right Image: shows calculus in the distal right ureter as the cause.
[Courtesy of Dr. N. Jaffer]
Hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis of left kidney on ultrasound caused by a left upper ureteric stone seen on abdominal X-ray (red arrow).
Uterus
Uterine Fibroid
Axial CT image of the female pelvis showing large uterine fibroid with the body of the uterus. (Courtesy of Dr. N. Jaffer)
Female Pelvis – US
Normal Female Pelvis (US)
Transabdominal ultrasound showing normal bladder, uterus and ovaries. (Courtesy of Dr. N. Jaffer)
Female Pelvis – MRI
Normal Female Pelvis (MRI)
Sagittal MRI of the female pelvis. (Courtesy of Dr. N. Jaffer)
Bony Pelvis
Pelvic AP radiographs showing the male (left) and female (right) bony pelvis. Note that the male pelvis is narrower, with a “heart-shaped” pelvic inlet, while the female is wider, with a circular or oval-shaped pelvic inlet. (Courtesy of Dr. N. Jaffer)
Ovaries
Ultrasound Image of Polycystic Ovaries
Note the cystic appearance resembling a “string of black pearls.”
Triquetral Fracture
It is either a dorsal avulsion or body fracture. Look for tenderness dorsally, distal to ulnar styloid.
Scaphoid Fracture
Scaphoid fracture of the wrist. The most common carpal fracture. Look for tenderness at the anatomic snuff box. Wrist x-ray is often negative.
Thalamic Glioma
Axial CT with contrast showing a ring enhancing lesion over the left thalamic region with central necrosis. [Courtesy of Dr. J. Spears]
Posterior Fossa Meningioma
T1-weighted coronal MRI with contrast. A large tumour is highlighted in the right posterior fossa and bilateral dilatation of the lateral ventricles is evident (likely secondary to compression of the 4th ventricle or Sylvian aqueduct). [Courtesy of Dr. J. Spears]
Pituitary Adenoma
Multiple views of post-contrast CT image of a pituitary adenoma. The saggital view demonstrates the transphenoidal approach for surgery. [Courtesy of Dr. J. Spears]
Monochorionic Twins
Monochorionic, diamniotic twins T sign
(Courtesy of Dr. Seaward and Dr. Ryan, Mt Sinai Hospital)
Dichorionic Twins
Dichorionic, diamniotic twins lamdba sign
(Courtesy of Dr. Seaward and Dr. Ryan, Mt Sinai Hospital)
Placenta Previa
Placenta (P) covers the os. Crosses (+) approximate the cervical length and the bladder (B) is seen on the right.
(Courtesy of Dr. Seaward and Dr. Ryan, Mt Sinai Hospital)
Maxillary Sinusitis
Axial CT scan of maxillary sinusitis. Note air-fluid level in left maxillary sinus. (Courtesy of Dr. A. Waltzman)
Choanal Atresia
Axial CT scan of choanal atresia (arrow indicated bony obstructive plate). (Courtesy of Dr. Papsin, HSC)
Carcinoma
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Axial CT scan of expansive tumour arising in the nasopharynx and causing bilateral nasal obstruction. (Courtesy of Dr. Irish, UHN)
Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy
Lateral plain film. Note significant tonsillar (large arrow) and adenoid (small arrow) hypertrophy leading to significant narrowing of the nasal and oral airways. (Courtesy of Dr. Papsin, HSC)
Tetralogy of Fallot
Note the characteristic chest x-ray finding of a boot-shaped heart. (Courtesy Dr. E. Ng)
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Note the dilated loops of bowel and pneumatosis intestinalis. (Courtesy Dr. E. Ng)