[Courtesy of Dr. N. Jaffer]

CT angiograms permit for a non-invasive method of investigating the vasculature. In the image above, one readily recognizes the celiac artery and its branches, the superior mesenteric artery, and the left kidney. However the most prominent feature of this CTA is the infra-renal aortic aneurysm. [Courtesy of Dr. N. Jaffer]

Left Image: Abdominal axial CT with contrast demonstrating a large AAA with extensive intraluminal thrombosis. Patent central lumen containing contrast surrounded by thrombus peripherally. Aortic wall evident due to circumferential calcification (atherosclerosis).

Right Image: Abdominal axial CT with contrast showing abdominal aorta of normal diameter.
[Courtesy of Dr. N. Jaffer]

The left mammogram depicts microcalcifications, as can be seen with DCIS.
The right mammogram depicts microcalcifications after surgical excision with needle localization.

Normal Mammography
The left image is of a normal craniocaudal view of a breast mammogram.
The right image is that of a normal mediolateral oblique view of a breast mammogram.

An essentially normal ductogram (galactogram).

Side Markers (Left vs Right)

No image available

To assess rotation of the film, compare the distance between a spinous process to each of the clavicles. If the supinous process is closer to one clavicle, that side is rotated posteriorly.

To ensure adequate penetration, the thoracic spine should be visible.

No image available

To ensure proper inflation, the 6th rib should be visible anteriorly and the 10th rib posteriorly.

Observe the obstructive lesion near the lower end of the right ureter. On simultaneous retrograde examination, the lower margin of the obstructing lesion is clearly demarcated.

Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) (1 hour post-dye injection) showing right hydronephrosis, hydroureter, dilated renal pelvis and calvx.

Congenital UPJ Obstruction & Hydronephrosis
Congenital utero-pelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction & hydronephrosis. This image demonstrates severe hydronephrosis of the right kidney. Retrograde pyelography demonstrates an obstruction at the UPJ. The obstruction in this patient was congenital.

Non-contrast CT for renal colic.
Left Image: shows right-sided pelvicaliectasis relative to the left-sided renal collecting system.
Right Image: shows calculus in the distal right ureter as the cause.
[Courtesy of Dr. N. Jaffer]

Hydronephrosis of left kidney on ultrasound caused by a left upper ureteric stone seen on abdominal X-ray (red arrow).

Uterine Fibroid
Axial CT image of the female pelvis showing large uterine fibroid with the body of the uterus. (Courtesy of Dr. N. Jaffer)

Normal Female Pelvis (US)
Transabdominal ultrasound showing normal bladder, uterus and ovaries. (Courtesy of Dr. N. Jaffer)

Normal Female Pelvis (MRI)
Sagittal MRI of the female pelvis. (Courtesy of Dr. N. Jaffer)

Pelvic AP radiographs showing the male (left) and female (right) bony pelvis. Note that the male pelvis is narrower, with a “heart-shaped” pelvic inlet, while the female is wider, with a circular or oval-shaped pelvic inlet. (Courtesy of Dr. N. Jaffer)

Ultrasound Image of Polycystic Ovaries
Note the cystic appearance resembling a “string of black pearls.”

It is either a dorsal avulsion or body fracture. Look for tenderness dorsally, distal to ulnar styloid.

PA view and transcapular view.

Scapular Y of the shoulder.

Scaphoid fracture of the wrist. The most common carpal fracture. Look for tenderness at the anatomic snuff box. Wrist x-ray is often negative.

Tumour in cerebellopontine angle. [Courtesy of Dr. W. Montanera]

Axial CT with contrast showing a ring enhancing lesion over the left thalamic region with central necrosis. [Courtesy of Dr. J. Spears]

T1-weighted coronal MRI with contrast. A large tumour is highlighted in the right posterior fossa and bilateral dilatation of the lateral ventricles is evident (likely secondary to compression of the 4th ventricle or Sylvian aqueduct). [Courtesy of Dr. J. Spears]

[Courtesy of Dr. W. Montanera]

Multiple views of post-contrast CT image of a pituitary adenoma. The saggital view demonstrates the transphenoidal approach for surgery. [Courtesy of Dr. J. Spears]

(Courtesy of Dr. Seaward and Dr. Ryan, Mt Sinai Hospital)

Monochorionic, diamniotic twins T sign
(Courtesy of Dr. Seaward and Dr. Ryan, Mt Sinai Hospital)

Dichorionic, diamniotic twins lamdba sign
(Courtesy of Dr. Seaward and Dr. Ryan, Mt Sinai Hospital)

Placenta (P) covers the os. Crosses (+) approximate the cervical length and the bladder (B) is seen on the right.
(Courtesy of Dr. Seaward and Dr. Ryan, Mt Sinai Hospital)

(Courtesy of Dr. Seaward and Dr. Ryan, Mt Sinai Hospital)

Right thyroid goiter with calcifications.

Axial CT scan of maxillary sinusitis. Note air-fluid level in left maxillary sinus. (Courtesy of Dr. A. Waltzman)

Axial CT scan of choanal atresia (arrow indicated bony obstructive plate). (Courtesy of Dr. Papsin, HSC)

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Axial CT scan of expansive tumour arising in the nasopharynx and causing bilateral nasal obstruction. (Courtesy of Dr. Irish, UHN)

Lateral plain film. Note significant tonsillar (large arrow) and adenoid (small arrow) hypertrophy leading to significant narrowing of the nasal and oral airways. (Courtesy of Dr. Papsin, HSC)

Note the characteristic chest x-ray finding of a boot-shaped heart. (Courtesy Dr. E. Ng)

Note the ground glass appearance of the lungs. (Courtesy Dr. E. Ng)

Polycistic Kidney in Newborn

(Courtesy Dr. E. Ng)

Note the dilated loops of bowel and pneumatosis intestinalis. (Courtesy Dr. E. Ng)