Pulmonary Edema – Reticulonodular Pattern
Pulmonary Edema – Reticulonodular Pattern
Reticulonodular Patterns: A combination of reticular and nodular patterns.
No image available
Pulmonary Edema – Peribronchial Cuffing
Pulmonary Edema: Pulmonary edema is a redistribution of vascular fluid into the interstitium first, and then possibly the alveoli. The causes can be cardiogenic, renal failure, or due to respiratory conditions like ARDS.
Peribronchial Cuffing: Normal bronchi do not have the circumferential thickening depicted in the image below.
Pulmonary Edema – Kerly B Lines
Kerly lines result fomr thickened connective tissue planes occurring as a result of pulmonary edema or carcinomatosis.
Kerly A Lines: Radiate towards hila in mid- and upper-lung zones, 3-4 cm long, smaller than vascular markings (not useful)
Kerly B Lines: Horizontal, <2 cm long an d1 mm thick, at periphery of lung, reach lung edge (very useful)
Kerly C Lines: Thickened interlobular septa
Pulmonary Edema – Indistinct Pulmonary Vasculature
Pulmonary Edema – Indistinct Pulmonary Vasculature
Cardiogenic and overflow states can lead to pulmonary vessel distension.
No image available
Interstitial Disease – Reticular Pattern
Reticular patterns: Thin, well-defined linear densities, often in net-like or “honeycomb” arrangement.
Interstitial Disease – Recticulonodular Pattern
Reticulonodular patterns: A combination of reticular and nodular patterns.
No image available
Interstitial Disease – Nodular Pattern
Nodular patterns: Multiple, discrete, nodular densities, <5 mm diameter.
Right image depicts a close up of the pathology.
Interstitial Disease – Kerly B Lines
Kerly lines result fomr thickened connective tissue planes occurring as a result of pulmonary edema or carcinomatosis.
Kerly A Lines: Radiate towards hila in mid- and upper-lung zones, 3-4 cm long, smaller than vascular markings (not useful)
Kerly B Lines: Horizontal, <2 cm long an d1 mm thick, at periphery of lung, reach lung edge (very useful)
Kerly C Lines: Thickened interlobular septa
Interstitial Disease
Interstitial disease is a pathological process involving the interlobular connective tissue (i.e. scaffolding of the lung).
Differential diagnosis of interstitial disease includes:
- Pulmonary edema (which can move into the alveoli)
- Collagen disease (fibrosis)
- Sarcoidosis
- Pneumoconiosis
- Metastatic disease (from the lymphatics)
- Inflammatory conditions (viral/interstitial pneumonia)
Consolidation – Airspace Nodules
Airspace disease (i.e. consolidation) refers to a pathological process primarily in the alveoli. Differential diagnosis of consolidation includes:
- Pus (pneumonia)
- Blood hemorrhage
- Cells (lung cancer or lymphoma)
- Protein (alveolar proteinosis)
- Fluid (pulmonary edema from interstitium)
