You are seeing Mr. Ali, a 72 year old male, in your outpatient clinic today for ‘bloody urine.’ Take a focused history of his complaint.
History
- Onset and duration of hematuria
- Progression or worsening of hematuria
- Clarifies color of urine (bright red blood)
- Urinary frequency
- Pain on urination
- Urgency
- Nocturia
- Incomplete voiding
- Hesitancy
- Penile tip pain
- Flank Pain
- Abdominal discomfort/fullness
- Systemic Symptoms – weight loss, fever, night sweats
- Personal history of bleeding diathesis
- Personal history of renal stones
- Past history of renal disease
- Current medications
- Surgical history
- Smoking history (quantity in pack-years)
- Occupational history – especially exposure to exogenous toxins
- Concerns as to what is causing the hematuria
- Past history of urinary tract infections
- Family history of urogenital cancers
Case 2 – Hematuria