Toronto Notes

(NVE) Fluorescein angiography image of the eye in image OP35 showing areas of vascular leakage.

Asymmetrical increase of cup: disc ratio (0.8). Cupping seen where vessels disappear over the edge of the attenuated rim.

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Fan-shaped network of new blood vessels branching onto optic disc (neovascularization). Also note dot hemorrhages and microaneurysms.

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

1. Dot-blot hemorrhages or micro-aneurysms
2. Sub-hyaloid hemorrhages
3. Hard exudates in the macular region (circinate)
4. Intra-retinal hemorrhages
5. Neovascularization of the disc

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Red-free image of previous image Proliferative Diabaetic Retinopathy.

White exudates surrounding hemorrhages and areas of necrosis. Distinct border between diseased and normal retina.

Note venous dilation and tortuosity, intraretinal hemorrhage, cotton wool spots. (Courtesy of eyelearn.med.utoronto.ca)

Note retinal pallor with cherry red spot. (Courtesy of eyelearn.med.utoronto.ca)