Bouchard’s nodes
Bouchard’s nodes in the PIP-joints due to formation of bony nodules, a clinical sign seen in patients with osteoarthritis.
Case courtesy of Dr. Samir Benoudina, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 43417
Figure – 14
Left/right hand radiograph in a patient with osteoarthritis (OA), which shows joint space narrowing of the DIPs, osteophytes, and bone remodelling. These radiographic features are typical in mild to severe OA.
Case courtesy of Dr. Craig Hacking, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 69224
Febrile Seizures
Febrile Seizures
- 2 minute febrile seizure in a 22-month infant:
pGALS Exam
pGALS
- pGALS, similar to the GALS in adults, is a screening exam of the gait, arms, legs, and spine, commonly applied to rheumatologic or MSK concerns
Video demonstration of pediatric GALS screening exam:
Asthma Action Plan
Asthma Action Plan
- Asthma action plans are used to counsel families and provide a concrete plan for chronic management
- Available from https://aafa.org/asthma/asthma-treatment/asthma-treatment-action-plan/
<img src=”https://torontonotes.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/TorontoNotes_AsthmaActionPlan.png” alt=“Asthma Action Plan” width=“686” height=“890” class=”alignnone size-full wp-image-788″ />
Wheeze
Wheeze
- Wheeze is an audible sound during expiration; associated with asthma, bronchiolitis, and more
- Compare with stridor
Video of a child with audible expiratory wheeze:
Stridor
Stridor
- Stridor is an audible sound during inspiration; associated with croup, bacterial tracheitis, epiglottitis, foreign body aspiration, and more
- Compare with wheeze
Video of a child with audible inspiratory stridor:
PRAM Score
PRAM Score
– The PRAM score is a clinical tool for assessing the severity of respiratory distress in the context of an asthma exacerbation
– Available from CPS https://cps.ca/documents/position/managing-an-acute-asthma-exacerbation
Measles
Measles
– Note the erythematous, maculopapular rash
– Typically begins 3d after symptoms onset; starts at hairline and spreads downwards; spares palms and soles
For an image, please see: https://dermnetnz.org/topics/measles-images
Approach to Hyperbilirubinemia in a Child
Approach to Hyperbilirubinemia in a Child
– An algorithmic approach to the differential diagnosis for a child who presents with hyperbilirubinemia
