Toronto Notes 2020 Editors

Student Contributors

Faculty Contributors

Editors-in-Chief Sara Mirali Ayesh Seneviratne Production Managers Megan Drupals Matthaeus Ware** Clinical Handbook Editors Helen Genis Priya Dhir Meghan Kerr Website Managers/Atlas Editors Sylvie Bowden Emily Chen Sandra Fiset Amrit Sampalli Communications Managers Courtney Francis Shane Natalwalla BMC Production Editors Julia Devorak Farah Hamade <h3>PRIMARY</h3> Associate Editors Vanessa Sheng Jia Tanwani EBM Editors Melissa Allwood Milica Milakovic <h3>MEDICINE</h3> Associate Editors Calvin Diep Jagan Sivakumaran EBM Editors Michael Elfassy Kimia Sheikholeslami <h3>SURGERY</h3> Associate Editors Danielle Jeong Nivethan Vela EBM Editors Khizar Karim Ryan Wang <div style="width: 100%;"> <h3>Chapter Editors</h3> </div> <div>Ethical, Legal, and Organizational Medicine Anna Kurdina David Wiercigroch</div> <div></div> <div>Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Kosalan Akilan Nicole Falzone John MikhaeilClinical Pharmacology Felix Chan Arman ZereshkianDermatology Josh Fletcher Khalad Maliyar Arunima Sivanand Emergency Medicine Abirami Kirubarajan Marissa Lu Aidan McParland Jason Park Family Medicine Kate Dillon Tiffany Got Healey Shulman Alexandra Silberberg Medical Genetics Sivakami Mylvaganam Medical Imaging Mana Modares Taryn Rohringer Daniel Schlam Pediatrics Vinyas Harish Alexandra Kilian Linlei Ye Kimberly Young Psychiatry Maria Berseneva Brigida Bruno Daniel Kapustin Ronak Saluja Public Health and Preventive Medicine Harpreet Chahal Ben Shachar Vishalini Sivarajah Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Armin Abadeh David Bobrowski Irakli Dzneladze Kimberley Lau Endocrinology Ayesha Tasneem Yifan Yang Wid Yaseen Gastroenterology Arshia Javidan Jocelyn Jia Sechiv Jugnundan Geriatric Medicine Laavanya Dharmakulaseelan Fizza Manzoor Hannah Tateishi Hematology Sze Wah Samuel Chan RuiQi (Richard) Chen Kathryn Corbett Infectious Diseases Monica Shah Donald Wang Nephrology Savar Kaul Nishwa Shah Neurology Megan Hird Eshita Kapoor Cathy Meng Fei Li Respirology Samuel Gurupatham Aneesh Thakore Rheumatology Daniel Pau Hilary Pang General Surgery and Thoracic Surgery Kimberley Lam-Tin-Cheung Darby Little Andreea Matei Sonieya Nagarajah Gynecology Sarah Freeman Vanessa Rojas Luengas Ryan Ramos Neurosurgery Connor Brenna Karanbir Brar Karim Mithani Obstetrics Michelle Anderson Sophia Duong Emily Li Ophthalmology Shicheng (Tony) Jin Prem Nichani Daniel Sei Joon Park Austin Pereira Orthopedics Akshdeep Singh Bhatia Anthony Giuliano Sam Keshen Otolaryngology Amirpouyan (Pouyan) Namavarian Gianluca Sampieri Eunice You Plastic Surgery George Ho Shawn Khan Janakan Somasundaram Urology Adam Bobrowski Jethro Kwong Min Joon Lee Vascular Surgery Kennedy Ayoo Brianna Barsanti-Innes <h3>Copy Editors</h3> Ethical, Legal, and Organizational Medicine Monisha Basu Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine Dong An Fadi Gorgi Kirusanthy Kaneshwaran Clinical Pharmacology Isabelle Laksono Dermatology Airiss Chan Matthew Ladda Sheida Naderi-Azad Emergency Medicine Anuja Bhalerao Kiran Grant Family Medicine Isabelle MacLean Casey Rosen Jackie Tsang Medical Genetics Janis Chang Medical Imaging Yasser Salama Rachel Trister Pediatrics Marina Atalla Kristen Dietrich Brian Earl Stephanie Hosang Kristen Munro Psychiatry Taaha Muhammad Serena Kay Amita Mall Public Health and Preventive Medicine Krish Bilimoria Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery Klaudiusz Stoklosa Siobhan Wong Endocrinology Orly Bogler Grace Zhao Gastroenterology Lauren Beck Geriatric Medicine Emily Bellicoso Hematology Lauren Clarfield Isabella Fan Infectious Diseases Meera Mahendiran Elliot Smith Nephrology Joel George Seiwon Park Neurology Ortenc Hoxha Valerie Kim Respirology Erica Brant Rina Huo Rheumatology Lindsay Cho Vibeeshan Jegatheeswaran General Surgery and Thoracic Surgery Isha Narula Sung Hoon (Peter) Song Gynecology Andrew Butti Xin Xu Neurosurgery Sara Ahmed Hetshree Joshi Obstetrics Ye Rin (Yenah) Seo Eliya Zhao Ophthalmology Ruben Kalaichandran Abdul Sidiqi Orthopedics Anser Daud Emmanuel Igbokwe Otolaryngology Emily DeHaas Bryan Wong Plastic Surgery Shawn Khan Mithila Somasundaram Urology Susan Dong Julia Hollingsworth Vascular Surgery Frozan Safi </div>

All contributing professors have been appointed at the University of Toronto. <h2>PRIMARY</h2> <h3>Ethical, Legal, and Organizational Medicine</h3> Ruby Shanker, MBBS, MHSc University Health Network, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto <h3>Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine</h3> Ahtsham Niazi, MBBS, FCARCSI, FRCPC Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, University Health Network Jeff Wassermann, MD, FRCPC Department of Anesthesia, St. Michael's Hospital <h3>Clinical Pharmacology</h3> David Juurlink, BPhm, MD, PhD, FRCPC Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre <h3>Dermatology</h3> David Adam, MD, FRCPC Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital Marissa Joseph, MD, FRCPC Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital and The Hospital for Sick Children Jensen Yeung, MD, FRCPC Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital <h3>Emergency Medicine</h3> Mark Freedman, MD, FRCPC Department of Emergency Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Fernando Teixeira, MD, FRCPC Department of Emergency Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital <h3>Family Medicine</h3> Ruby Alvi, MD, CCFP, MHSc Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto Azadeh (Azi) Moaveni, MD, CCFP Department of Family and Community Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital Dr. Sherylan Young, MD, CCFP, FCFP Department of Family and Community Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre <h3>Medical Genetics</h3> Hanna Faghfoury, MDCM, FRCPC, FCCMG The Fred A Litwin Family Centre in Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and University Health Network Joyce So, MD, PhD, FRCPC, FCCMG The Fred A Litwin Family Centre in Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and University Health Network <h3>Medical Imaging</h3> Nasir Jaffer, MD, FRCPC Division of Abdominal Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Mount Sinai Hospital and University Health Network Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto John Kavanagh, MD, FRCPC Division of Cardiothoracic Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging, Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto Eugene Yu, MD, FRCPC Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network <h3>Pediatrics</h3> Julie Johnstone, MD (FRCPC), MScCH Division of Pediatric Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children Laila Premji, MD, FRCPC Division of Paediatric Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children Janaki Vallipuram, MD, FRCPC Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children <h3>Psychiatry</h3> Benoit Mulsant, MD, MS, FRCPC Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Dr. Mary Preisman, MD, FRCPC Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai Hospital Dr. Amit Rotem, MD Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Dr. Ilana Heather Shawn, MD, FRCPC Department of Psychiatry, St. Michael's Hospital Public Health and Preventive Medicine Barry Pakes, BSc, MD, MPH, CCFP, DTMH, FRCPC, PhD Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto Nav Persaud, MD, MSc, BA, BSc Department of Family and Community Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto <h2>MEDICINE</h2> <h3>Cardiology</h3> Chi-Ming Chow, MD, CM, MSc, FRCPC Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital Paul Dorian, MD, MSc, FRCPC Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital Anna Woo, MD CM, SM, DABIM, FRCPC Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine University Health Network Toronto General Hospital <h3>Endocrinology</h3> Julie Gilmour, MBCHB, FRCPC, MSC Department of Endocrinology, St. Michael's Hospital Karen Gomez-Hernandez, MD, MSc Department of Endocrinology, University Health Network Mount Sinai Hospital Phillip Segal, MD, FRCPC Division of Endocrinology, University Health Network <h3>Gastroenterology</h3> Maria Cino, BSc(Hon), MSc, MD, FRCPC Division of Gastroenterology, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital Gabor Kandel, MD, FRCPC Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital Piero Tartaro, MD, MSc, FRCPC Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre <h3>Geriatric Medicine</h3> Vicky Chau, MD, MScCH, FRCPC Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Health Network Karen D'Silva, MD, MS, FRCPC Division of Geriatrics, St Michael's Hospital Dan Liberman, MD, MScCH, FRCPC Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University Health Network <h3>Hematology</h3> Gloria Lim, MD, MSc, FRCPC Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital Martina Trinkaus, MD, FRCPC Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital Richard Wells, MD, D.Phil, FRCPC Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre <h3>Infectious Diseases</h3> Ari Bitnun, MD, MSc, FRCPC Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Paul Bunce, BSc, MA, MD, FRCPC Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University Health Network Susan M. Poutanen, MD, MPH, FRCPC Department of Microbiology, University Health Network Mount Sinai Hospital <h3>Nephrology</h3> Zahirieh Alireza, MD, FRCPC Division of Nephrology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Istvan Mucsi, MD, PhD, FRCPC Multi-Organ Transplant Program and Division of Nephrology, University Health Network Gemini Tanna, MD, FRCPC Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre <h3>Neurology</h3> Esther Bui, MD, FRCPC Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network Xavier Montalban, MD, PhD Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital <h3>Respirology</h3> Anju Anand, MD, FRCPC Divison of Respirology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital Meyer Balter, MD, FRCPC, FACP, FCCP Division of Respiratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital <h3>Rheumatology</h3> Simon Carette, MD, FRCPC Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital Arthur Bookman, MD, FRCPC Division of Rheumatology, University Health Network <h2>SURGERY</h2> <h3>General Surgery and Thoracic Surgery</h3> Abdollah Behzadi, MD, MBA, FRCSC, FACS Department of General Surgery, Trillium Health Partners Michael Ko, MD, PhD, FRCSC Department of General Surgery, St Joseph's Health Care Jesse Pasternak, MD, MPH, FRCSC Department of General Surgery, University Health Network Fayez Quereshy, MD, MBA, FRCSC Department of General Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital <h3>Gynecology</h3> Sari Kives, MD, FRCSC Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Michael's Hospital and The Hospital for Sick Children Danielle Vicus, MD, FRCSC, MSc Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Fay Weisberg, MD, FRCSC Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto <h3>Neurosurgery</h3> Todd Mainprize, MD, FRCSC Department of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Eric Massicotte, MD, MSc, FRCSC Department of Neurosurgery, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital <h3>Obstetrics</h3> Rohan D'Souza, MD, MSc, FRCOG, PhD (C) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital Richard Pittini, MD, MEd, FRCSC, FACOG Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Amanda Selk, MD, FRCSC Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai Hospital <h3>Ophthalmology</h3> Asim Ali, MD, FRCSC Department of Opthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto Wai-Ching Lam, MD, FRCSC Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital Marisa Sit, MD, FRCSC Department of Opthalmology and Vision Sciences, University Health Network, Toronto Western Hospital Joshua Teichman, MD, FRCSC Department of Ophthalmology, Trillium Health Partners <h3>Orthopedics</h3> Jeremy Hall, MD, FRCSC Dvision of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital Herb von Schroeder, MD, MSc, FRCSC Divisions of Orthopedic Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network Sarah Ward, MD, MLA, MSc , FRCSC Divisions of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital Dr. David Wasserstein, MD, FRCSC, MSc, MPH(c) Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre <h3>Otolaryngology</h3> Jonathan Irish, MD, MSc, FRCSC Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Health Network Evan Propst, MD, MSc, FRCSC Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children <h3>Plastic Surgery</h3> Siba Haykal, MD, PhD, FRCSC Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network Melinda Musgrave, MD, PhD, FRCSC Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital <h3>Urology</h3> Sender Herschorn, MDCM, FRCSC Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Women's College Hospital Jason Lee, MD, MHPE, FRCSC Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital <h3>Vascular Surgery</h3> Elisa Greco, BSc, MBChB, MD, FRCS Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital George Oreopoulos, MD, MSc, FRCSC Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University Health Network