Fundoscopy

Bullous retinal detachment with retinal folds on temporal aspect.

Elevated congested disc with indistinct margins, flameshaped hemorrhages, and dilated tortuous vessels.

Pallor of optic disc with sharp margin; attenuated vessels.

(NVD) Early fluorescein angiography image of the eye in image OP35 demonstrating areas of vascular leakage near the disc. 1. NVD; 2. Vascular leakage

(NVE) Fluorescein angiography image of the eye in image OP35 showing areas of vascular leakage.

Asymmetrical increase of cup: disc ratio (0.8). Cupping seen where vessels disappear over the edge of the attenuated rim.

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Fan-shaped network of new blood vessels branching onto optic disc (neovascularization). Also note dot hemorrhages and microaneurysms.

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

1. Dot-blot hemorrhages or micro-aneurysms
2. Sub-hyaloid hemorrhages
3. Hard exudates in the macular region (circinate)
4. Intra-retinal hemorrhages
5. Neovascularization of the disc

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Red-free image of previous image Proliferative Diabaetic Retinopathy.

White exudates surrounding hemorrhages and areas of necrosis. Distinct border between diseased and normal retina.